CHEBI:16523

Three steps

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, CLIC1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, SLC1A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, FARSB and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A13, DARS1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of citrulline and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A6, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, ASNS, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• cholateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, DAO, GRHPRextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, IDO1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, AADAT, HAO1extracellular space, cytosol

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL3, GLYATL2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, CP and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, BAAT, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A6, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, CADextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, NDUFAB1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, BCAT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of glutamine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC7A5, GOT2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
  3. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, CAD, G6PC2extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, CLIC2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, KYAT1, GGT1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC6A14, SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, ALDH6A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, ACP2extracellular space, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, ACAA1, MYO5Bextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A10, GLYATL3extracellular space, cytosol