L-arginine

Three steps

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BHMT2, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BHMT2, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ECHS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ECHS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, GSTP1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BAAT, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HDC, AOC2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACSM4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SDS, SDSL, CTHextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, TAT, HPDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1, LDHB and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACAA1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by ARG1, MPO, SLC22A6cytosol, nucleus, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of homocarnosine
  3. Transport of Homocarnosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, BCAT2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. L-citrulline + L-aspartate + ATP = 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + AMP + diphosphate + H(+)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASL, ASS1, DARS1cytosol

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, TPO, MPO, LPOextracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CTH, SUMF1extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC5A7, PHOSPHO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DAO, GRHPRextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC1A1, SLC1A7, SLC1A3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ARG1, ACY1cytosolOne of 10 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, HAO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes