L-cystine

Two steps

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOSextracellular space, cytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, AARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Leucine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A2, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC3A2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 21 routes

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by CTH, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC1A4extracellular space, cytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Leucine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-leucine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-leucine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, CARS2cytosol

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC1A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, CARS1cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, DARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Leucine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A2, SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSTO1, GSTO2cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, NDUFAB1 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CTH, LDHDcytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CTH, LDHB, LDHAL6Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, RIDAcytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by CTH, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by CTH, NPLcytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 23 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, FAHD1cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLC3A2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 21 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, ASLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane