pyruvate

Three steps

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GARTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, DDCmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLY, PNPOmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, MPST, TSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GCLCmitochondrial matrix

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GSSmitochondrial matrix

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC1A4, PEPDmitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO3mitochondrial matrix

• an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivativeReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA3cytosol, nucleus

• alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAcReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAc + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAc + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA3cytosol, nucleus

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, SHMT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, CARS2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CMP-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + acetyl-CoA = CMP-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + CoA

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, CASD1cytosol, nucleus

• CMP-N-acetyl-7-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + acetyl-CoA = CMP-N-acetyl-7-O-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + CoA

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, CASD1cytosol, nucleus

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO3mitochondrial matrix

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO3mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO3mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO3mitochondrial matrix

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by TYW1B, TYW1, BHMT2, MARS1

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by TYW1B, TYW1, BHMT2, MARS1

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBmitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• dUMPReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. thymidine kinase (deoxyuridine)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLRcytosolOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14, LPOmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC22A8, SLC22A7mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• hydroxyacetoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)
  3. cytochrome P450 (acetone)

  Catalysed by CYP2E1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-deoxycortisolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, HPDcytosol