epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine

Three steps

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of leucine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• N-octadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GSTM4 and 1 more

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, MMACHC

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL3cytosol, extracellular space

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of histidine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CARNS1cytosol, extracellular space

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GARTcytosol, extracellular space

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, DPEP1, DPEP2cytosol, extracellular space

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, DPEP1cytosol, extracellular space

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, MMACHC

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, CMA1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, AACScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, SLC5A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by GGACT, ALAS1, CPNE7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by GGACT, GLYATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by GGACT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by GGACTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 43 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by GGACT, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of histidine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CARNS1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1cytosol, extracellular space

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GSTT4 and 22 more

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular space

• ureaReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes