L-methionine

Three steps

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin D2

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS2, HPGDS

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS2, PTGES

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, GSTM4, LTC4Sextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazoleReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PFAS, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, CROT, PHYHmitochondrial matrix

• 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-sulfinopyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CDO1, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, MMACHCextracellular space, cytosol

• N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z)-octadecenamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, PAMextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-(methylthio)propionic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. acireductone dioxygenase

  Catalysed by AADAT, ADI1cytosol

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, H6PDextracellular space, cytosol

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DPEP1extracellular space, cytosol

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, MMACHCextracellular space, cytosol

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensin-(1-8)Reach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Chymase
  3. kinetensin + H2O = kinetensin-(1-8) + L-leucine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CMA1, ACE2extracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, CHATmitochondrial matrix, nucleus, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, FAHD1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, AACS, HMGCS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS and 9 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SHMT1, SHMT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by MARS1, MTFMT, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by MARS1, MTFMT, HNMTcytosol

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. choline dehydrogenase (choline)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CHAT, CHDHmitochondrial matrix, nucleus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYAT1, KYAT3, AADATextracellular space, cytosol