L-lysine

Three steps

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. Putrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ODC1, AOC2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of histidine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, ARG1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, TPH1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GOT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, ASLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, PFASinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, GCLCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, SHMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GLYAT and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, TPH1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, NAGSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, CARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, FARSB and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, DARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, WARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, IARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, QARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A9, LACC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, NARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes