a dicarboxylate

Three steps

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, DPEP1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, DPEP1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, MMACHCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• cholineReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6, SLC5A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1, LDHA, LDHB and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 14 routes

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC3A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GNMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. oxalate(in) + formate(out) = oxalate(out) + formate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. Transport of Quinolinic Acid
  3. Nicotinate-nucleotide:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (carboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6, QPRTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• bromideReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1, MGST3, GSTA4 and 15 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• androsteroneReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)
  3. steroid sulfatase (androsterone sulfate)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-oneReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A9 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• iodideReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6, SLC26A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10, SDHD and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC3A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• pregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. Pregnenolone-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, MPO, CA1, CA2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleus

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10, FAHD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC3A2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, DAOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, peroxisome

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A12, CYB5D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane