biocytin

Three steps

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, PIPOXmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SHMT1, SHMT2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SLC7A8mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, GLYATL3, GLYAT and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BTD, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by BTD, DHPSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, TYRmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, GSSmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, KYNUmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC25A2, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, OATmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, KYNUmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by BTD, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, GCLC, GCLMmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, BHMT2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, OTCmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, BHMT2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, AADATmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
  3. L-saccharopine + NAD(+) + H2O = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, AASSmitochondrial matrix

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BTD, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by BTD, DHPS, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  3. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine

  Catalysed by BTD, GGACT

• histamineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of histidine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HDCmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BTD, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, CARS2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, PPATmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, MSRAmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A6, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Biotinidase (Biotin), Mitochondrial
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by BTD, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes