5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan

Three steps

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A6, HALextracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of leucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A6, SLC3A2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, GOT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, DDC, AOC1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, SLC1A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, GSSextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, DDC, INMTcytosol

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, SHMT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, GLYAT and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, GLYATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDC, AANAT, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DDC, SLC6A4, SLC24A1, SLC24A5 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, FARSB and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, GARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A13, DARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of isoleucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of citrulline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by DDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by DDC, SLC6A4, SLC1A7, SLC1A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes