N-acetyl-L-aspartate

Three steps

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, GAD2, GATMcytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, SLC7A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, ASAH1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AMDHD2, PGM3cytosol

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, HDAC10cytosolOne of 5 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-tyrosine + O2 = L-dopaquinone + H2O

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, TYRcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, SLC1A5cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. Transport of L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, SLC43A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, ADSS2, ADSS1cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2, KYNUcytosol

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, ASAH1, PLA2G15cytosol

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, BHMT2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, CADcytosolOne of 4 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 2 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, BHMT2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, ASAH1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2, SLC1A4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cadaverineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, HDAC10cytosol

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2cytosol

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2cytosol

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, PAICS, ADSLcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, IDO1 and 2 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, PPATcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, GOT2, PCK1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an S-substituted L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AMDHD2, GNPNAT1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, MSRAcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, MSRB3 and 2 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC7A13, PAHcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2, SLC1A4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-Acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by ASPA, ACY3, AGXT2, GGTLC3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes