glyoxylic acid

Three steps

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, AADATmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, CNDP2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, DDCmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GNMT, PIPOX and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1mitochondrial matrix, lysosome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• creatineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GATM, GAMTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• glycolaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GATM, OATmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CRAT, CROT, NUDT19mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2
  3. cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A1, ACOD1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. heptadecasphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-Retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 14 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase (11-Cis)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SAT1, SAT2, SRM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, IL4I1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, STSperoxisome, extracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GNMT, PDPR and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A6, HALmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLC22A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTO1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, BCAT2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol