4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

Three steps

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, HPDcytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by AADATcytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, PAMOne of 6 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SLC1A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GARS1cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A13, DARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of citrulline and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CDKAL1, SCLY

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAATperoxisomeOne of 5 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of leucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A13, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBL, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dodecanamideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AADAT, PAM

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT, AGXT2, SRROne of 11 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, GPTcytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes