acetylcholine

Three steps

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, CH25Hcytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ACY1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, BAATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, RETSATcytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, TBXAS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, DIO1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 24 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, ACP2cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, ACAA1 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• choloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate + ATP + CoA = choloyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, CPT1A and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SUCLG1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHATcytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SLC27A2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, HPGDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, CBR3, CBR1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. (15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5, ALOX15 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A2 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX15B, ALOX15 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5extracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, HDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7cytosol, extracellular space

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, ASAH1cytosolOne of 3 routes