acetoacetate

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)
2. cytochrome P450 (acetone)

Catalysed by CYP2E1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

Catalysed by SRRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
2. (R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP(+) + CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by HMGCL, HMGCLL1, HMGCR

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by LDHDmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

Catalysed by RIDAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

Catalysed by PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

Catalysed by NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by FAHD1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

Catalysed by HMGCL, HMGCLL1, SUGCT

1. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
2. (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H(+)

Catalysed by AACS, HADH, HSD17B10

1. transport of acetoacetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

Catalysed by HMGCL, HMGCLL1, SUGCT

1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by MPSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

Catalysed by TYW1B, TYW1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 18 routes

1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

Catalysed by CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

Catalysed by HOGA1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

Catalysed by HOGA1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
2. acetoacetyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

Catalysed by AACS, CRAT

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

Catalysed by PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 249 routes

1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine