(2S)-2-aminobutanoate

Three steps

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SULT2A1cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAAT, SULT2A1

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSS, SQOROne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC12A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AGXT2One of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSS, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 more

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DARS1cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, SCLY

• cholateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GRHPROne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HAO1

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNUcytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, FAAH and 1 more

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSS, CP, PRDX6

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GATM, ODC1cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CAD

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2One of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes