gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

Two steps

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, AS3MTOne of 3 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by GSS, MGST3

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX4

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, CARS2cytosol

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by GSS, GSTP1

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by GSS, SQOR

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by GSS, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC1A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, CARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, CTHcytosolOne of 3 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, CP, PRDX6

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of glycolithocholate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSS, CLIC2, GPX1, GPX2 and 2 more

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by GSS, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by GSS, GLO1, GLOD4cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, GOT2, GOT1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by GSS, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)

  Catalysed by GSS, LTC4ScytosolOne of 5 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine)
  2. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGCT, GGACT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 35 routes