glutathione

Three steps

• acetoacetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TSTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• tetradecamideReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, PAM

• 16(R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 27 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-O-chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. a di-trans,poly-cis-dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate + chenodeoxycholate = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-O-chenodeoxycholate + a di-trans,poly-cis-dolichyl phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBH and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• octanamideReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, PAM

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamideReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, PAM

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• 3-(methylthio)propionic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase (3-(methylthio)propionic acid)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SELENBP1cytosol

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin G2 = (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cholineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, FAHD1cytosol

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, SLC16A4 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Leucine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by GSR, SLC7A9, SLC3A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• allantoinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 5-hydroxyisourate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  2. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

  Catalysed by PTGES, MGST3, GPX1, GPX2 and 4 more

• malonateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 23 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SQOR, DHODH, CADcytosol

• beta-nicotinamide D-ribosideReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by SQOR, CYC1, UQCRFS1, NQO2outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• ferricytochrome cReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octan-1-olReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. octyl beta-D-glucose + chenodeoxycholate = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-O-chenodeoxycholate + octan-1-ol

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A24, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• ubiquinonesReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SDHD, SDHB and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, PCcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)

  Catalysed by GSR, SLC7A9cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 11 routes