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Reach

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

139 compounds within 3 steps: 12 in 1, 52 in 2, 75 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

Two steps

a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, B3GALT4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
2. a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by GALE, B4GALNT1
a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-[Gal-beta-(1->3)-GlcNAc]-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. a neolactoside nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-GlcNAc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
2. a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-GlcNAc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-[Gal-beta-(1->3)-GlcNAc]-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by B3GNT5, B3GALT2One of 2 routes
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramideReach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. a beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALT3, B4GALT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
a ganglioside GM2Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
2. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by GALE, B4GALNT1
a ganglioside GD2Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
2. a ganglioside GD3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GD2 + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by GALE, B4GALNT1
a ganglioside GM1Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, B3GALT4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
a ganglioside GalNAc-GD1aReach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
2. a ganglioside GD1a + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GalNAc-GD1a + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by GALE, B4GALNT1
N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-sphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosyl-sphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
N-(2-hydroxyhexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylsphinganineReach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-sphinganine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = N-(2-hydroxyhexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylsphinganine + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, B3GALT4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
a globoside Gb3CerReach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a globoside Gb3Cer + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, A4GALTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
a ganglioside GA2Reach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
2. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GA2 + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by GALE, B4GALNT1
a neolactoside nLc6CerReach from here →
1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
2. a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-GlcNAc-nLc4Cer + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a neolactoside nLc6Cer + UDP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALT3, B4GALT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

Three steps

CHEBI:1146900Reach from here →
Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, PIGWendoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes
2-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

Page 2 of 3

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

an alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivativeReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = an alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, B3GALT2, B3GALT1, FUT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

an alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivativeReach from here →

a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = an alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP + H(+)

Catalysed by B3GNT8, B3GNT4, B3GNT2, B3GNT3 and 2 more

N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, HDAC10endoplasmic reticulum

an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivativeReach from here →

a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + CMP + H(+)

Catalysed by B3GNT8, B3GNT4, B3GNT2, B3GNT3 and 3 more

acetoacetateReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivativeReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, C1GALT1, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucosideReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose
genistein + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, GALT, UGT3A2, UGT3A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

a phenyl acetateReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, PON1, PON2 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum

a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivativeReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, C1GALT1, ST6GALNAC1, ST6GALNAC2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

a 2-acyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
a 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 2-acyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + CoA

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, PIGWendoplasmic reticulum

acetylpyruvateReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, FAHD1endoplasmic reticulum

pyruvateReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + H2O = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UMP + 2 H(+)
N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate amidohydrolase

Catalysed by ENPP3, PGM3, CEMP1, AMDHD2cytosol

phosphatidic acidReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
glycoprotein-phosphatidylinositol phosphatidohydrolase

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, GPLD1endoplasmic reticulum

N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, ACY1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

17alpha-hydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, CYP17A1endoplasmic reticulum

4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, CES2, ESD and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum

D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosineReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
beta-D-Galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide galactohydrolase

Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALT5, B4GALT6, LCT and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, lysosome

cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactosideReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8, GBA1, GBA2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose
an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, GALT, UGCGinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

a lysoGb3(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a globoside Gb3Cer (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
a globoside Gb3Cer (d18:1(4E)) + H2O = a lysoGb3(d18:1(4E)) + a fatty acid

Catalysed by SLC35A2, A4GALT, ASAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

a lysoGb3Reach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a globoside Gb3Cer + UDP + H(+)
a globoside Gb3Cer + H2O = a lysoGb3 + a fatty acid

Catalysed by SLC35A2, A4GALT, ASAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + H2O = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + UDP + H(+)
ATP:N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphotransferase
N-acetylneuraminate synthase

Catalysed by GNE, NANScytosolOne of 2 routes

a 2-hexadecanoyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminy-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
a 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = a 2-hexadecanoyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminy-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + CoA

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, PIGWendoplasmic reticulum

beta-D-galactoseReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
D-glucose + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = lactose + UDP + H(+)
lactose + H2O = beta-D-galactose + D-glucose

Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALT2, B4GALT1, LCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a globoside Gb3Cer (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
galactosidase alpha (globotriaosylceramide)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, A4GALT, GLAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 9 routes

an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivativeReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)
an N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl derivative + UDP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, C1GALT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(2S)-naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucosideReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose
(2S)-naringenin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = (2S)-naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC35A2, GALT, UGT3A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamineReach from here →

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + H2O = a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E)) + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine

Catalysed by GALE, B4GALNT1, HEXA, HEXBOne of 2 routes

a neolactoside IV(2)-alpha-Fuc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →

a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (lc3Cer)
a neolactoside nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a neolactoside IV(2)-alpha-Fuc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + GDP + H(+)

Catalysed by B3GNT5, B4GALT3, B4GALT4, B4GALT2 and 3 morecytosol

alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)- beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →

a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide beta-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (lc3Cer)
type 1 galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (GDP-L-fucose)

Catalysed by B3GNT5, B3GALT2, B3GALT5, B3GALT1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a 6-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP + H(+)
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

Catalysed by PIGA, PIGL, CYP17A1endoplasmic reticulum