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beta-D-galactose

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

15 compounds within 3 steps: 1 in 1, 3 in 2, 11 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →
1. alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
Catalysed by GALM

Two steps

galactitolReach from here →
1. alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
2. galactitol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
Catalysed by GALM, AKR1B1cytosol
a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
2. beta-galactosidase (galactose)
Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1Lextracellular space
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphateReach from here →
1. alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
2. galactokinase (galactose)
Catalysed by GALM, GALK1, GALK2cytosolOne of 2 routes

Three steps

a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes
a globoside Gb3Cer (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →

Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosineReach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
beta-galactosidase (galactose)
beta-D-Galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide galactohydrolase

Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space, lysosome

a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
beta-galactosidase (galactose)
beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (LacCer pool)

Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

D-galactoseReach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
galactokinase (galactose)
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

Catalysed by GALM, GALK1, GALK2, IMPA1cytosolOne of 2 routes

an isogloboside iGb3Cer (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
beta-galactosidase (galactose)
a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = an isogloboside iGb3Cer (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)

Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space

alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphateReach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
galactokinase (galactose)
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose

Catalysed by GALM, GALK1, GALK2, GALTcytosol

a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
beta-galactosidase (galactose)
ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

UDP-alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
galactokinase (galactose)
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose

Catalysed by GALM, GALK1, GALK2, GALTcytosol

CHEBI:67119Reach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
galactokinase (galactose)
UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

Catalysed by GALM, GALK1, GALK2, GALTcytosolOne of 2 routes

beta-D-3-sulfogalactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →

alpha-D-galactose = beta-D-galactose
beta-galactosidase (galactose)
a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = beta-D-3-sulfogalactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

Catalysed by GALM, LCT, GLB1, GLB1L and 1 moreextracellular space