D-alanine

Three steps

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, SLC27A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, PPATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by DAO, PC, PCK1, PCK2mitochondrial matrix

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, GFPT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by DAO, TYW1B, TYW1, MSRA

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by DAO, TYW1B, TYW1, MSRB3 and 2 more

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, SLC27A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, PPCSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLY, PNPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC6A14, SLC6A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by DAO, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by DAO, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CDO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by DAO, PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, ACAD10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• L-threonylcarbamoyladenylateReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-threonine + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, YRDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes