butanoate

Three steps

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Active Transport

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 45 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 36 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• malonateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. malonate(in) + sulfate(out) = malonate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 9 morecytosol

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• androst-4-ene-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + butanoate(out) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + butanoate(in)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase/delta5-delta-4 isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, HSD3B1, HSD3B2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 5 morecytosol

• 17beta-estradiolReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Estradiol-17beta:NADP+ 17-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, HSD17B6, HSD17B1 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 17alpha-estradiolReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 17alpha-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, DHRS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• anilineReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 6 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC25A14, SLC25A30inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 10 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• urateReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 morecytosol

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 12 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 12 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• androst-5-en-3beta,17beta-diolReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + butanoate(out) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + butanoate(in)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + NADPH + H(+) = androst-5-en-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, AKR1B15, HSD17B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, SLC22A8, SLC22A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + butanoate(out) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + butanoate(in)
  2. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, STS, CYP17A1, CYP3A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. butanoate + ATP + CoA = butanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3, ACSM2B and 12 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A9, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes