(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

Three steps

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Aspartate Intake by System Asct-1 Transporter
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, NAT8Lcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, CLTRN, SLC6A20 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  2. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol
  3. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)

  Catalysed by PRODH, PRODH2, NQO2, PNPcytosol

• methylglyoxalReach from here →
  1. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  2. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

  Catalysed by PRODH, PRODH2, GPD2, TPI1

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by PRODH, PRODH2, SDHB, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, ABCA1, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arginine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, MOCOScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, ABCA1, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, AARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, CLTRN, SLC6A20 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of histidine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A6, HALcytosol, extracellular space

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, ABCA1, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of leucine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, BCAT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of arginine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A6, SLC3A2cytosol, extracellular space

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of phenylalanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, GOT2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PRODH, PRODH2, SDHB, FAH

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, CLTRN, SLC6A20cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of phenylalanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glutamine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of methionine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, CLTRN, SLC6A20 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, CLTRN, SLC6A20 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, ABCA1, SLC7A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, NAGScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by PRODH, PRODH2, DHODH, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC1A1cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, CARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of phenylalanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, FARSB and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. Aspartate Intake by System Asct-1 Transporter
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, DARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, ABCA1, SLC7A5 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of isoleucine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glutamine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, QARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of citrulline and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of asparagine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, NARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-Proline:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by PYCR3, PYCR2, SLC7A5, CTHcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes