(S)-lactate

Three steps

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• XMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, XDH, HPRT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GLO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, NAPRTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP2, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP2, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ESDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MGST3, GSTM4 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 more

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 more

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 6 morecytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 35 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by CNDP2, PAH

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CHAC2, CHAC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• histamineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moreOne of 6 routes

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 more

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 6 more

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ETHE1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E3(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E3(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E3 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes