CHEBI:1146900

Three steps

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  2. L-homocysteine + L-serine = L,L-cystathionine + H2O
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by NAGS, CBS, MARS1mitochondrial matrix

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  2. L-homocysteine + L-serine = L,L-cystathionine + H2O
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by NAGS, CBS, MARS1mitochondrial matrix

• (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
  2. (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GSS and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. taurine to tauroursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SULT2A1cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SULT2A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. chenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = chenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT7 and 3 moreperoxisome

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, BAAT and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  2. choloyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. cytochrome P450 (cholate)

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT8 and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GSS and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, FAAHcytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  2. L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SCLY, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dodecanalReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  2. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. 2 H+[r] + lauric acid[r] + NADH[r] = H2O[r] + NAD+[r] + dodecanal[r]

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  3. galactosylceramidase (psychosine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, lysosome

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  2. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 38 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NAGS, GOT2, GOT1, LDHB and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by ACLY, AGXT2cytosol

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a fatty acidReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 8 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 27 routes

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC22A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, BCHEnucleus

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GSS and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC1A1, SLC24A1, SLC24A5 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A9 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTH, SUMF1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1, SCLYcytosol

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, DAO and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC1A1, SLC1A7, SLC1A3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. transport of acetate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1, ACOT7 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, AADAT and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by KYNUmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• maleateReach from here →
  1. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. maleate(in) + citrate(out) = maleate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by ACLY, CS, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GSS and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by ACLY, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 3 routes