S-formylglutathione

Three steps

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 more

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 more

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 more

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 more

• an S-substituted L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)
  3. an S-substituted glutathione + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by ESD, GSTT4, GSTA4, GSTZ1 and 25 more

• 3-(methylthio)propionic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase (3-(methylthio)propionic acid)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  3. 2 L-cysteinylglycine + [protein]-disulfide = L-cystine-bis-glycine + [protein]-dithiol

  Catalysed by ESD, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 morecytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(12S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(12S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX1, GPX4, ALOX5

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  Catalysed by ESDcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, GART

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by ESD, FAAH, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin G2 = (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, PTGEScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, AACScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• acetoneReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• cholineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC5A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX5cytosol, extracellular space

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  3. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (R)-lactateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + H2O = (R)-lactate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, GLO1, GLOD4, HAGHcytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC22A13, MPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• dimethylarsinateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. methylarsonous acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dimethylarsinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, GSTO1, GSTO2, HEMK2

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by ESDcytosol

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 16 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLC7A9, SLCO1B3 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• dopamine quinoneReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MPOcytosol, extracellular space, lysosomeOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ADI1

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes