acetate

Two steps

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  2. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, CYP21A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 11-deoxycortisolReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, CYP21A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15One of 3 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by CYP17A1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by HDAC10

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  2. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, ALDH1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ACY1cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by ASAH1

• N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  2. N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by AMDHD2, PGM3

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by HDAC10cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 18 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• cadaverineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by HDAC10

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• an S-substituted L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
  2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by ACY3

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  2. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AMDHD2, GNPNAT1One of 2 routes

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15

• 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  2. phosphoglucomutase (N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate)

  Catalysed by AMDHD2, PGM3cytosol

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol