cholate

Three steps

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYBRD1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, TSTD1, SUMF1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHEextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. transport of malonate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, TSTD1, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SQOR, DHODHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, SLC22A24endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 14 routes

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pentanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = pentanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A13, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, CP, PRDX6, CES2 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a hydroperoxideReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a hydroperoxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = an alcohol + [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ABCC4, CP, PRDX6, PRDX5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (cholate)
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CYP7A1, SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• Cu(+)Reach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamideReach from here →
  1. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SQOR, NQO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1, TBXAS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (cholate)
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CYP7A1cytosolOne of 22 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ALDH6A1endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACP2endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACAA1 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACSL4 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACSM4 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACSL4 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACSL4 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, SUCLG1 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACSL4 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, ACSL4 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAAT, CROTendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes