dopamine

Three steps

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDC, SLC7A8, FARSB, FARSAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)
  3. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by DDC, SLC7A8, SLC7A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHEextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by DBH, PAM, FAAH, PM20D1

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 12 routes

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pentanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = pentanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• Cu(+)Reach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, PAM, CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, TBXAS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of leukotriene C4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 23 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC27A2 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• choloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate + ATP + CoA = choloyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, PAM, GLYATL2

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, PAM, GLYATL2

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, PAM, GLYATL2

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HPGDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, CBR3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. (15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A2 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX15B and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5extracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HDCextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GOT2, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 16 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)
  3. Transport of L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by DDC, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 22 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CBSextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by DDC, SLC7A8, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HNMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hyodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP3A4extracellular space, cytosol