4-aminobutanoate

Three steps

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, BCAT2, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC1A5extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC5A7, BCHEextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, ALAS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, GOT2, GOT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GCATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• Li(+)Reach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. transport of Li+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC8B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLDC and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A4, DIO1, DIO3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC33A1, ESCO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, PIPOXextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A6, MTO1extracellular space, cytosol

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SHMT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. L-homocarnosine + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, GOT2, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by GATM, ODC1, SRMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SGSHextracellular space, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, TYRextracellular space, cytosol