L-threonine

Three steps

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosol

• (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• acetoacetateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GSTM4, LTC4S

• 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazoleReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, PFAS, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, PTGS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 4 morecytosol

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, MMACHC

• N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z)-octadecenamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAM

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, H6PDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, DPEP1

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, MMACHC

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GART

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, AACSperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CHATperoxisome, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ALAS1, CPNE7peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, GLYATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]

  Catalysed by SHMT1, DAO, CLYBLperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2One of 2 routes