butanoyl-CoA

Three steps

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAGS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 11 morecytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, PAOX and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACLY and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, SLC6A14mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 12 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACOT8cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + H2O = glutarate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACOT8 and 1 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACLY and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 8 morecytosol

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)
  2. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)
  3. pentanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = pentanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, ACAA2, ACOT11, ACOT12 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 9 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ASAH1 and 9 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 8 morecytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 10 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 9 morecytosol

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 10 morecytosol

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SAT1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ACOT12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAGS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, NAGS and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, CHAT and 1 morecytosol, nucleus

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. Utilized Transport
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSMmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 32 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 5 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 9 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ASAH1 and 7 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SUCLG1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
  3. Formation of 3-Hydroxy-Isovalerate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACOT2cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ASAH1 and 6 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, GLYAT and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 9 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ACOT12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SUGCTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACLY and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (butyryl-CoA)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 13-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, DGAT1 and 5 morecytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase
  2. transport of butyrate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by ACOT12, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ALDH1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum