acetoacetyl-CoA

Three steps

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by ACOT8, TYW1B, TYW1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5extracellular space, cytosol

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase

  Catalysed by ACOT8, FAHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hydroxyacetoneReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)
  3. cytochrome P450 (acetone)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, CYP2E1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCTOne of 6 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SRRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCT, ALAS1 and 1 more

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ACOT8, LDHDmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, RIDAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ALDH1A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate
  3. glutaryl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCT, GCDHmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate
  3. glutaryl-CoA + O2 = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCT, ACOX1

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. itaconate + succinyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCTOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, MPSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by ACOT8, TYW1B, TYW1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by ACOT8, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ACOT8, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, HOGA1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ACOT8, HOGA1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCT

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. a 3-oxo acid + succinyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by HMGCS2, HMGCS1, SUGCT, OXCT1 and 1 more

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by ACOT8, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol