N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

Three steps

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methylumbelliferoneReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CES2, ESD, CES1

• myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine
  3. a CDP-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + myo-inositol = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, ASPG, CDIPT

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PTGS2, RETSAT

• a monoacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PLA2G6, PLA2G4B, LIPC and 8 more

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, ENPP2, GDPD1, CHDHOne of 20 routes

• O-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ethanolamine + H(+)
  3. ATP:ethanolamine O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, GDPD1, CHKA, ETNK1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PTGS2, MOCOS

• (2E)-hexadecenalReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase
  3. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, DBP, SPHK2, SPHK1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanalReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoate + NADH + 2 H(+) = hexadecanal + NAD(+) + H2O

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PLA2G6, LYPLA1, LYPLA2 and 16 more

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. all-trans-retinol + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PRDX6, LPCAT3, LPCAT1 and 1 moreOne of 3 routes

• a sphingomyelinReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PRDX6, LPCAT3, LPCAT1 and 1 moreOne of 10 routes

• glycerolReach from here →
  1. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H2O = phosphocholine + glycerol + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PNPLA7, ASPG, PNPLA6 and 1 moreOne of 3 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PRDX6, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 5 moreOne of 23 routes

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a triacylglycerol + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PRDX6, LPCAT4, LPCAT3 and 5 more

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, ENPP2, GDPD1, CHKA and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• dodecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphing-4-enine
  3. H2O[c] + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = lauric acid[c] + sphingosine[c]

  Catalysed by ASAH1, NAAA, ACER2, ASAH2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xyloside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose = beta-D-xylosyl-(1<->1')-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 more

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS1, CERS6, CERS3 and 4 moreOne of 2 routes

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PLA2G6, ASPG, UGT1A9 and 5 more

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PLA2G6, LYPLA1, LYPLA2 and 15 more

• S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl esterReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + H2O = N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PLA2G6, LYPLA1, LYPLA2 and 14 more

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+)
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, PLA2G6, ASPG, FAAHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP17A1, CYP21A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  3. H2O[g] + N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine[g] = elaidate[g] + sphingosine[g]

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus

• alpha-D-galactoseReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  3. galactosylceramidase (psychosine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, GALCcytosol, lysosome

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, LPCAT1, PLA2G2A, PLA2G2E and 1 more

• 11-deoxycortisolReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP17A1, CYP21A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP17A1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, ENPP2, GDPD1, SLC5A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLA2G15, LPCAT3, MBOAT2, LPCAT1 and 13 moreOne of 4 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-tetradecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + tetradecanoate
  3. N-tetradecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + tetradecanoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ASAH2

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-tetracosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-tetracosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + H2O = tetracosanoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CERS2, ACER2, ACER1

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. eicosanoyl-CoA + sphing-4-enine = N-eicosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-eicosanoyl-sphing-4-enine + H2O = eicosanoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, TLCD3B, CERS2, ACER2

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = (15Z)-tetracosenoate + sphing-4-enine
  3. N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = (15Z)-tetracosenoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, HDAC10

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol