putrescine

Two steps

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SRM, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A5, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  2. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by SRM, AOC2, AOC1, AOC3cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, HDAC10cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2
  2. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2

  Catalysed by PAOX

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A9, SLC25A29 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  2. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ODC1, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  2. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ODC1, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermineReach from here →
  1. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  2. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SRM, SMScytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ACP2cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ACAA1, MYO5Bcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamineReach from here →
  1. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  2. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SRMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propane-1,3-diamineReach from here →
  1. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  2. [eIF5A protein]-L-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A protein]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine

  Catalysed by SRM, DHPScytosol

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes