CHEBI:17208

Three steps

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSTO1, GSTO2cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1cytosol

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 10 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of glycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, CLIC2, GPX1, GPX2 and 2 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• Cu(+)Reach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. a [peptide]-C-terminal glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = a [peptide]-C-terminal (2S)-2-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, CYBRD1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 10 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• deoxyhemoglobinReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. Ferrochelatase, Mitochondrial
  3. globin to hemoglobin conversion

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, FECHextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, GLYATL2cytosolOne of 14 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, GLYATL2cytosol

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SUGCTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, GLYATL2cytosol

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  2. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, GLYATL2cytosol

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2, GPX4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• XMPReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by XDH, HPRT1cytosol

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, GLO1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, NAPRTcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, ESDcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A24cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• biliverdin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. Ferrochelatase, Mitochondrial
  3. Heme Oxygenase 1

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, FECH, HMOX1, HMOX2extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CYBRD1, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 5 moreextracellular space, mitochondrial matrix