pyruvate

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

725 compounds within 3 steps: 41 in 1, 143 in 2, 541 in 3

Three steps

pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase
Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol
undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)
Catalysed by AGXT2, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes
a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL5cytosol, nucleus
(9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2mitochondrial matrix
(9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2mitochondrial matrix
9-cis-retinalReach from here →
1. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. retinoate reduction
3. retinol binding protein (retinal)
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes
a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA1cytosol, nucleusOne of 4 routes
a ganglioside GT3 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA5, ST8SIA1cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes
a ganglioside GD1a (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC3, ST6GALNAC6 and 2 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 4 routes
a ganglioside GT1a (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA5cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes
a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4 and 1 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 4 routes
a ganglioside GQ1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA5cytosol, nucleusOne of 4 routes
a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL5cytosol, nucleus
ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)/18:0)Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL5cytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA1cytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4 and 1 morecytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GD1alpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1alpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC3, ST6GALNAC6 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GT1aalpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GD1a (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1aalpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC6cytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GQ1balpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1balpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC6cytosol, nucleus
(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2mitochondrial matrix
(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2mitochondrial matrix
a ganglioside GD3Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GM3 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD3 + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA3, ST8SIA6cytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GT3Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GD3 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT3 + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA1cytosol, nucleus
3-phenyllactateReach from here →
1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine
3. Formation of Phenyl-Lactate
Catalysed by KYAT1cytosol
a ganglioside GD1aReach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GM1 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1a + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL2cytosol, nucleus
N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramideReach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL5cytosol, nucleus
thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, MOCOSmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes
a ganglioside GT1bReach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GD1b + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1b + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL2cytosol, nucleus
glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserineReach from here →
1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol
1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes
(5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes
(3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial
Catalysed by AGXT2, ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix
O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
2. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
3. acetoacetyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
Catalysed by AACS, CRATmitochondrial matrix, cytosol
2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, PTGS2mitochondrial matrix
11beta-prostaglandin F2Reach from here →
1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
2. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
3. prostaglandin D2 + NADPH + H(+) = 11beta-prostaglandin F2 + NADP(+)
Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane
N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphateReach from here →
1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + ATP = N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)
Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol
N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrix
(2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)
Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrix
N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, BAATmitochondrial matrix
N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, BAATmitochondrial matrix
N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, BAATmitochondrial matrix
an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol
(7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes
a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA1cytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GD1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA5, ST8SIA6 and 1 morecytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GQ1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GT1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL4cytosol, nucleus
a ganglioside GP1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
3. a ganglioside GQ1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GP1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST8SIA5cytosol, nucleus
3-methylmalateReach from here →
1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by ME2, CLYBLOne of 2 routes