choline

Two steps

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC5A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CHDH, CH25H

• taurineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, BAATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by CHDH, RETSAT

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by CHDH, DIO1, DIO2

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by CHDH, DIO1, DIO3

• glycineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by CHAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, ACP2cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, ACAA1, MYO5Bcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CHAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by CHATcytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CHDH, PTGS1, PTGS2One of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CHDH, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC5A7extracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by CHAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)

  Catalysed by CHAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by CHAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• CDP-cholineReach from here →
  1. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate

  Catalysed by PHOSPHO1, PCYT1A, PCYT1BOne of 2 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC5A7, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  2. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by CHDH, ACAD10