L-homocarnosine

Three steps

• N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL3cytosol, extracellular space

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GARTcytosol, extracellular space

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, DPEP1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, DPEP1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glutamine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, CMA1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space

• cholineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC6A12, SLC5A7cytosol, extracellular space

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, TPH1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, SLC3A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, TPH1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glutamine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, GFPT2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC6A12, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular space

• ureaReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  3. 4-guanidinobutanoate + H2O = urea + 4-aminobutanoate

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATM, AGMATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC6A12, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, SLC3A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATM, ACY1cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, EPXcytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, MARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, AADATcytosol, extracellular space

• 4-hydroxybutanoateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. Formation of 4-Hydroxy-Butyrate

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, ABATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, SDS and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glutamine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, KYAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, HDC, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, DAOcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC6A12, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular space

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATM, OATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport of Homocarnosine
  2. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of histidine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, PRODH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, SLC7A6, MOCOScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes