histamine

Three steps

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  3. 2 L-cysteinylglycine + [protein]-disulfide = L-cystine-bis-glycine + [protein]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8, CMA1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin G2 = (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, PTGESextracellular space, cytosol

• cholineReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHEextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. Cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A2, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A9, SLC3A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX15B and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5extracellular space, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• (R)-lactateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + H2O = (R)-lactate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• octan-1-olReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. octyl beta-D-glucose + chenodeoxycholate = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-O-chenodeoxycholate + octan-1-ol

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GBA2extracellular space, cytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. steroid sulfatase (sulfoglycolithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, ARG1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 20 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2, ACY1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8, EPXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 14 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A9, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• dopamine quinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MPOextracellular space, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 4 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A8, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC25A2, OATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DBHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• estroneReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. propanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = propanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase
  3. Persulfide dioxygenase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SQOR, ETHE1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-thyroxine + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = L-thyroxine sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AANATextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BHMT, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol