glutathione

Three steps

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC1A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, CARS1cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC26A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by GSR, SLC7A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, SLC16A4 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 9 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, SLC16A4 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, SLC16A4 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A24, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• orotateReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SQOR, CYC1, UQCRFS1, DHODHouter side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pentanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = pentanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  3. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GGACT

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SQOR, DHODH, CAD

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• dodecanamideReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, PAM

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, SRRcytosolOne of 7 routes

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an organic disulfideReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUMF1

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 2 morecytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• decanamideReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. N-decanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, PAM

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, RIDAcytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, PKM and 1 morecytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, NPLcytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ADI1One of 2 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 12 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a thioesterReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)
  3. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUMF1, PNKD

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol