(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

Three steps

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, FARSB and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• cholateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, DAO, GRHPRperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 21 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, IDO1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, AADAT, HAO1

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GLYATL3, GLYATL2 and 2 more

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, CP and 1 more

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, SLC22A24peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, SLC25A2 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, ODC1cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, BCAT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, GOT2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, CLIC2 and 4 more

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, GGT1 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, ALDH6A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, ACP2peroxisome, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, ACAA1 and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• benzoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GLYATmitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, ACSM4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, CPT1A and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GLYATL3

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, SUCLG1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, SLC27A2 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 14 routes