glutarate

Three steps

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SUGCT, ALAS1, ALAS2

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (R)-mevalonateReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate
  3. (R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP(+) + CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, HMGCR

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, AUHmitochondrial matrix

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of glycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, ABCC4, CLIC2 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 6 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• taurineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E synthase (prostaglandin E2)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, PTGES, PTGES3, PTGES2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. acetoacetate + succinyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SUGCT, OXCT1

• glycineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. glutaryl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  3. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, GCDH, ECHS1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 6 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 8 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 23 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, CPT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 5 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. propanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = propanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)
  3. propanoate + ATP + CoA = propanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLC22A9 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 7 morecytosolOne of 16 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)
  3. 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, HPGD, PTGR1, PTGR3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. aldo-keto reductase (prostaglandin D2)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, AKR1C3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E synthase (prostaglandin E2)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (prostaglandin H2)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, PTGES, PTGES3, PTGES2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• XMPReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, XDH, HPRT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, NAPRTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3 and 6 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, STS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)

  Catalysed by SUGCT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene C4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SLC22A11, SLCO1B1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes