formic acid

Three steps

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, CYP17A1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• hydroxyacetoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)
  3. cytochrome P450 (acetone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, CYP2E1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-deoxycortisolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, CYP17A1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ASAH1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, CYP17A1extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC1A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC24A1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, MPO, LPOextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC5A7, PHOSPHO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 27 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes