acetate

Three steps

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ACY1, OATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• estroneReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (4-androstene-3,17-dione)

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, CYP19A1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, AKR1B15 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• testosteroneReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. testosterone:NADP+ 17-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, HSD17B6, HSD17B1, HSD17B3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SRMcytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 25 routes

• cortisolReach from here →
  1. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. steroid,reduced ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (11-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CYP17A1, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  3. Putrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, AOC2, AOC1, AOC3extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 12 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, MTHFD1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, AOC2, AOC1, AOC3cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, MTHFD1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, LPGAT1

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, MTHFD1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(3'-acyl-sn-1'-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
  3. 2 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(3'-acyl-sn-1'-glycerol) + sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, CLN5

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(3'-octadecanoyl-1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  2. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine
  3. 2 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(3'-octadecanoyl-1'-sn-glycerol) + sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, PLA2G15, CLN5

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, SLC26A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes