testosterone

• meta-regression of LH SMD on active smoking

  decreases, p = 0.001

  (Coeff. − 0.08, SE: 0.01; p = 0.001; Suppl. Fig. 6)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• meta-regression of testosterone SMD on BMI

  increases, p = 0.033

  (Coeff. 2.48, SE: 1.15; p = 0.033; Suppl. Fig. 3)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• meta-regression of testosterone SMD on lymphocyte count

  decreases, p = 0.001

  (Coeff. − 7.37, SE: 2.19; p = 0.001; Suppl. Fig. 3)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias (Egger test), LH

  unclear, p = 0.035

  suggesting the existence of higher risk of bias among the publications assessed (Egger test, p = 0.035)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias (Egger test), testosterone

  no effect, p = 0.96

  suggesting absence of publication bias (Egger test, p = 0.96)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum luteinizing hormone, SMD

  no effect

  (SMD: 0.69, 95%CI 0.56, − 1.94, p = 0.00, I2 = 95.60%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum luteinizing hormone, SMD

  no effect

  (SMD: 0.41, 95%CI − 2.37, 3.19, p = 0.00, I2 = 95.54%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum luteinizing hormone, SMD

  no effect

  − 0.28 (95%CI − 1.55, 1.00, p = 0.00, I2 = 88.52%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum luteinizing hormone

  increases

  Cinislioglu | 2021 | Prospective | Turkey | 92 | 358 | 153 | 205 | 11.94 | 6.21 | 3.75 | 7.3

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum luteinizing hormone

  Salonia | 2021 | Prospective | Italy | 281 | 286 | 174 | 51 | 10.64 | 2.74 | 4.17 | 4.8

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum luteinizing hormone

  Xu | 2020 | Prospective | China | 22 | 39 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 13.64 | 8.05 | 6

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone, SMD

  decreases

  significant reduction in the SMD of testosterone levels in Covid-19 patients compared to controls (− 3.25, 95%CI − 5.93, − 0.57, p = 0.00, I2 = 98.45%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone, SMD

  decreases

  The difference was even higher when examining men with severe Covid-19 (− 5.04, 95%CI − 8.82, − 1.26, p = 0.00, I2 = 96.60%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone, SMD

  decreases, p = 0.42

  confirming a similar overall decrease in SMD serum TT levels (− 3.04, 95%CI − 4.05, − 2.04, p = 0.42, I2 = 0.00%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone, SMD

  decreases

  showing a slight yet significant absolute higher SMD (− 3.53 nmol/L, 95%CI − 5.11, − 1.95, p = 0.00, I2 = 88.19%)

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone

  decreases

  Cinislioglu | 2021 | Prospective | Turkey | 92 | 358 | 153 | 205 | 11.94 | 6.21 | 3.75 | 7.3

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone

  decreases

  Salonia | 2021 | Prospective | Italy | 281 | 286 | 174 | 51 | 10.64 | 2.74 | 4.17 | 4.8

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum total testosterone

  Xu | 2020 | Prospective | China | 22 | 39 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 13.64 | 8.05 | 6

  PMID:38307934 · one of two readings recorded this

• estradiol, before vs after statin

  no effect, p = 0.09

  of -3.14 pg/mL was evidenced (95% CI = [-6.82, 0.54], I² = 49%, p = 0.09)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• estradiol, before vs after statin

  no effect, p = 0.86

  in the mean estradiol of -0.43 pg/mL (95% CI = [-5.38, 4.52], I² = 78%, p = 0.86)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• estradiol, statin users vs non-users

  no effect

  of 0.39 pg/mL was evidenced (CI 95% = [-1.74, 2.52], I2 = 93%

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• free testosterone, before vs after statin

  no effect, p = 0.35

  of -0.17 ng/dL was evidenced (95% CI = [-0.54, 0.19], I² = 93%, p = 0.35)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• free testosterone, group means

  In the continuous statin use group, the calculated mean free testosterone was 7.32ng/dL (95% CI = [5.26, 9.38], p < 0.001) and in the control group, 6.64ng/dL (95% CI = [2.88, 10.40], p < 0.001)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• free testosterone, statin users vs non-users

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  a statistically significant reduction of 0.60 ng/dL (95% CI = [0.56, 0.64], I2 = 0%, p<0.00001)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• FSH, before vs after statin

  increases, p = 0.0002

  of -0.39 UI/L (95% CI = [-0.59, -0.19], I² = 28%, p = 0.0002)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• FSH, before vs after statin

  increases, p = 0.0005

  showed a statistically significant increase in the mean FSH of -0.35 UI/L (95% CI = [-0.54, -0.15], I² = 19%, p = 0.0005)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• LH, before vs after statin

  no effect, p = 0.85

  of -0.04 UI/L (95% CI = [-0.44, 0.36], I² = 70%, p = 0.85)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• LH, before vs after statin

  no effect, p = 0.76

  of 0.05 UI/L was evidenced (CI 95% = [-0.25, 0.34], I² = 64%, p = 0.76)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• LH, statin users vs non-users

  increases, p = 0.0008

  a statistically significant increase in LH of -0.29 UI/L (95% CI = [-0.45, -0.12], I2 = 5%, p <0.0008)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• SHBG, before vs after statin

  no effect, p = 0.88

  of 0.13 nmol/L was evidenced (95% CI = [-1.53, 1.79], I² = 0%, p = 0.88)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• SHBG, statin users vs non-users

  no effect

  of 0.93 nmol/L (95% CI = [-4.32, 6.17], I2 = 99%

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, before vs after statin

  decreases, p = 0.03

  with a statistical significance of 13.12ng/dL (95% CI = [1.16, 25.08], I² = 0%, p=0.03)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, before vs after statin

  decreases, p = 0.04

  showed a statistically significant reduction in mean total testosterone of 9.11ng/dL (95% CI = [0.16, 18.06], I² = 37%, p = 0.04)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, group means before and after

  decreases

  In the group before statin use, they had a mean testosterone of 411.60ng/dL (95% CI = [335.85, 487.34], p < 0.001) and after the use of 395.14ng/dL (95% CI = [321.38, 468.91], p < 0.001)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, group means before and after

  decreases

  In the group before statin use, they had a mean testosterone of 427.83ng/dL (95% CI = [362.25, 493.41], p < 0.001) and after the use of 416.86 ng/dL (95% CI = [365.68, 468.04], p < 0.001)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, group means

  In the continuous statin use group, the mean total testosterone calculated was 409.56ng/dL (95% CI = [384.34, 434.79], p < 0.001) and in the control group, 470.70ng/dL (95% CI = [441.34, 500.05], p < 0.001)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, statin users vs non-users

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  a statistically significant reduction between groups of 55.02ng/dL (95% CI = [39.40, 70.64], I2 = 91 %, p < 0.00001)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• total testosterone, statin vs control

  no effect, p = 0.92

  of -3.04 ng/dL (95% CI = [-60.72, 54.65], I² = 92%, p = 0.92)

  PMID:38386784 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias (Egger regression), testosterone

  no effect, p = 0.71

  The publication bias was not statistically significant in males (p = 0.95) and females (p = 0.71), respectively

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias (Egger regression), testosterone

  no effect, p = 0.95

  The publication bias was not statistically significant in males (p = 0.95) and females (p = 0.71), respectively

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, animal studies reporting a decline

  decreases

  Three studies in male animals (rats, mice, and spotted hyenas) and two studies in female animals (mice, and spotted hyenas) reported a decline level of testosterone in infected animals compared with non-infected animals.

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, animal studies reporting an increase

  increases

  Two studies in rats reported an increased level of testosterone in infected than non-infected animals (and Table 2).

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, animal study with no significant change

  no effect

  While, one study in female rats reported no significant changes of testosterone in infected than non-infected animals (and Table 2).

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, human studies reporting a decrease

  decreases

  Three studies in males and three studies in females reported a declined level of testosterone in T. gondii seropositive than seronegative counterparts.

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, human studies reporting no significant change

  no effect

  Moreover, three studies in males and two studies in females reported no significant change in testosterone levels in T. gondii seropositive than seronegative counterparts (Table 1 and Fig 2).

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, number of human studies reporting an increase

  increases

  As such, in females, seven studies reported elevated levels of testosterone in T. gondii seropositive than seronegative counterparts.

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, number of human studies reporting an increase

  increases

  In males, 9 studies reported an increased level of testosterone in T. gondii seropositive individuals compared to seronegative counterparts.

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, pooled mean ± SD, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases

  Based on the random-effects model, the pooled mean± SD of testosterone in T. gondii positive than T. gondii negative were calculated to be 0.73 and 0.55 in males and females, respectively

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, pooled mean ± SD, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases

  Based on the random-effects model, the pooled mean± SD of testosterone in T. gondii positive than T. gondii negative were calculated to be 0.73 and 0.55 in males and females, respectively

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.011

  Abdul-Lateef et al., 2012 | Female | 40 | 0.7213 | 0.35507 | 15 | 0.5249 | 0.18708 | 0.011

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases

  Abdul-Lateef et al., 2012 | Male | 37 | 8.0601 | 3.04751 | 15 | 4.1123 | 3.17078 | 0

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  Al-Masoudi et al., 2018 | Female | 8 | 0.3 | 0.87 | 8 | 0.31 | 0.54 | NR

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  Al-Masoudi et al., 2018 | Male | 4 | 0.85 | 6.25 | 4 | 0.73 | 5.95 | NR

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  no effect, p = 0.9

  Bayani et al., 2022 | Mixed † | 99 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 71 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.9

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  no effect, p = 0.49

  Borráz-León et al., 2021 | Female | 13 | 0.63 | 0.37 | 92 | 1.18 | 1.69 | 0.49

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.001

  Borráz-León et al., 2021 | Male | 22 | 7.78 | 2.66 | 86 | 4.32 | 2.82 | <0.001

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  no effect, p = 0.62

  Colosi et al., 2015 | Male | 15 | 399.07 | 185.18 | 45 | 425.96 | 170.05 | 0.62

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.003

  El-Gebaly et al., 2019 | Female | 12 | 8.5 | 9.62 | 27 | 2.2 | 1.65 | 0.003

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.01

  El-Gebaly et al., 2019 | Male | 42 | 10.8 | 6.23 | 39 | 7 | 6.59 | 0.01

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.001

  Hagag et al., 2022 | Female | 14 | 11.98 | 14.26 | 16 | 2.3 | 1.04 | 0.001

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.001

  Hagag et al., 2022 | Male | 14 | 28.01 | 12.95 | 16 | 13.62 | 6.86 | 0.001

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases, p = 0.000018

  Kadhim and AL-awadi., 2013 | Female | 55 | 1.95 | 1.37 | 51 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 1.80E-05

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases

  Mahbodfar et al., 2015 | Mixed † | 119 | 5.83 | 5.39 | 96 | 3.38 | 3.92 | 0

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  Zghair et al., 2015 | Mixed † | 121 | 6.515 | 0.51 | 30 | 6.78 | 0.61 | NR

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases

  Zouei et al., 2018 | Female | 38 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 38 | 0.31 | 0.17 | NR

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone, T. gondii positive vs negative

  increases

  Zouei et al., 2018 | Male | 38 | 5.6 | 1.99 | 38 | 4.56 | 1.96 | NR

  PMID:38568993 · one of two readings recorded this

• all-cause mortality

  increases

  with risk higher for DHT at Q1 median (0.69 nmol/L; fully-adjusted HR=1.19, CI=1.08–1.30)

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• all-cause mortality

  increases

  Only men with baseline LH >10.0 IU/L (where fully-adjusted HR and CI were >1.0) had an elevated relative risk of all-cause death

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• all-cause mortality

  increases

  only men with low baseline testosterone concentrations (<7.4 nmol/L [213 ng/dL], where HR and CI were >1.0) had higher all-cause mortality risk

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• all-cause mortality

  decreases

  being lowest for the Q3 median (37.9 nmol/L, HR=0.83, CI=0.77–0.89)

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• all-cause mortality

  increases

  Only men with very low baseline estradiol concentrations (<5.1 pmol/L, where fully-adjusted HR and CI were >1.0) had higher risk of all-cause death, relative to the Q5 median

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• cardiovascular mortality

  increases

  CVD mortality risk was higher at Q1 median relative to Q5 (fully-adjusted HR=1.29, CI=1.03–1.61)

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• cardiovascular mortality

  decreases

  median Q1 vs Q5 SHBG: fully-adjusted HR=0.81, CI=0.65–1.00; Model 2; Table 1B

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• cardiovascular mortality

  increases

  but HR and CI were >1.0 for men with very low testosterone values (<5.3 nmol/L [153 ng/dL]; Fig 1b)

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• incident cardiovascular disease events

  no effect

  This was attenuated after controlling for all factors, with all CIs overlapping 1.0 (Model 2, Table 1A; Fig 1c)

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• incident cardiovascular disease events

  increases

  The fully-adjusted HR and CI were >1.0 only in men with very low concentrations of DHT (<0.59 nmol/L; Fig 3c)

  PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this

• clinical pregnancy

  no effect, n = 1886

  DHEA likely results in little to no difference in clinical pregnancy rates (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.49; I² = 0%, 13 RCTs, N = 1886, moderate certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• clinical pregnancy

  increases, n = 1152

  T likely increases clinical pregnancy rates (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.06; I² = 0%, 13 RCTs, N = 1152, moderate certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• live birth/ongoing pregnancy

  no effect, n = 1433

  DHEA likely results in little to no difference in live birth/ongoing pregnancy rates (OR 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.76; I² = 16%, 9 RCTs, N = 1433, moderate certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• live birth rate, testosterone pre-treatment versus placebo/no treatment

  increases, OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.99, n = 716

  Not recorded as a finding: No live birth outcome node in the outcome list.

  T likely improves live birth rates (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.99; I² = 0%, 8 RCTs, N = 716, moderate certainty evidence).

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• live birth rate, testosterone pre-treatment versus placebo or no treatment

  increases, OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.99, n = 716

  Not recorded as a finding: No live birth outcome node in the list

  Pre-treatment with T versus placebo/no treatment: T likely improves live birth rates (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.99; I² = 0%, 8 RCTs, N = 716, moderate certainty evidence).

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• live birth

  increases, n = 716

  T likely improves live birth rates (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.99; I² = 0%, 8 RCTs, N = 716, moderate certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• miscarriage rate, testosterone pre-treatment versus placebo/no treatment

  OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.51, n = 755

  Not recorded as a finding: No miscarriage outcome node in the outcome list; also the sentence is a one-sided negation.

  T likely does not decrease miscarriage rates (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.51; I² = 0%, 9 RCTs, N = 755, moderate certainty evidence).

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• miscarriage rate, testosterone pre-treatment versus placebo or no treatment

  OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.51, n = 755

  Not recorded as a finding: No miscarriage outcome node in the list; the sentence states only that T likely does not decrease it

  T likely does not decrease miscarriage rates (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.51; I² = 0%, 9 RCTs, N = 755, moderate certainty evidence).

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• miscarriage

  no effect, n = 1601

  DHEA likely does not decrease miscarriage rates (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.37; I² = 0%, 10 RCTs, N =1601, moderate certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• miscarriage

  no effect, n = 755

  T likely does not decrease miscarriage rates (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.51; I² = 0%, 9 RCTs, N = 755, moderate certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• multiple pregnancy

  unclear, n = 463

  We are very uncertain about the effect of DHEA on multiple pregnancy (OR 3.05, 95% CI 0.47 to 19.66; 7 RCTs, N = 463, very low certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• multiple pregnancy

  unclear, n = 449

  We are very uncertain about the effect of T on multiple pregnancy (OR 2.56, 95% CI 0.59 to 11.20; 5 RCTs, N = 449, very low certainty evidence)

  PMID:38837771 · one of two readings recorded this

• circulating testosterone concentration

  unclear

  The overall effect was significant (n = 4, MD.=0.89, 95% CI.= -2.16 to 3.95, I2 = 94%)

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• estradiol concentration

  no effect

  The overall effect of exercise on the concentration of estradiol was found not significant (n = 3, SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.74, I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• estrogen level

  increases

  Moradpour R (2019) | 22.5 ± 1.9 | Estrogen in ng/dl | Aerobics = 7.9 Control = 5.8 | Aerobics = 9.8 Control = 6.5 | Follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• estrogen level

  decreases

  El-Lithy A et al. (2015) | 18.14 ± 1.51 | Estrogen in pg/dl | Study = 123.10 ± 39.85 Control = 107.30 ± 39.49 | Study = 99.33 ± 36.33 Control = 108.70 ± 39.22 | Luteal phase of menstrual cycle (day 20)

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• estrogen level

  no effect

  Moradpour R (2019) | 22.5 ± 1.9 | Estrogen in ng/dl | Aerobics = 7.9 Control = 5.8 | Aerobics = 9.8 Control = 6.5 | Follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone level

  increases

  Elbandrawy AM et a l(2021) | 22.40 ± 1.94 | Progesterone in ng/ml | Aerobic = 7.47 ± 2.55 Isometric = 7.08 ± 3.40 Control = 7.61 ± 2.23 | Aerobic = 10.95 ± 3.16 Isometric = 9.61 ± 2.80 Control = 7.72 ± 2.15 | Follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone level

  decreases

  Progesterone in ng/ml | Study = 9.73 ± 5.57 Control = 10.52 ± 5.22 | Study = 5.65 ± 2.44 Control = 11.10 ± 5.03

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone level

  increases

  Elbandrawy AM et a l(2021) | 22.40 ± 1.94 | Progesterone in ng/ml | Aerobic = 7.47 ± 2.55 Isometric = 7.08 ± 3.40 Control = 7.61 ± 2.23 | Aerobic = 10.95 ± 3.16 Isometric = 9.61 ± 2.80 Control = 7.72 ± 2.15 | Follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone level

  no effect

  Elbandrawy AM et a l(2021) | 22.40 ± 1.94 | Progesterone in ng/ml | Aerobic = 7.47 ± 2.55 Isometric = 7.08 ± 3.40 Control = 7.61 ± 2.23 | Aerobic = 10.95 ± 3.16 Isometric = 9.61 ± 2.80 Control = 7.72 ± 2.15 | Follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone mean difference

  Mean difference in progesterone Levels: 3.48 ng/ml.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone mean difference

  Mean difference in progesterone Levels: 4.08 ng/ml.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• progesterone mean difference

  Mean difference in progesterone Levels: 2.53 ng/ml.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum progesterone concentration

  no effect

  The overall effect was nonsignificant (n = 3, SD.= -0.65, CI.= -6.92 to 5.62, I2 = 94%)

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  increases

  O’Leary C et al. (2013) | 20.0 ± 2.2 | testosterone levels in nmol/L | Mid-follicular = 1.41 ± 0.21 | Mid-follicular Post 1.86 ± 0.21 30 min rest1.75 ± 0.32 | Mid follicular, mid luteal phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  increases

  Mid-luteal = 1.27 ± 0.23 | Mid luteal Post 2.43 ± 0.56 30 min rest = 1.69 ± 0.34

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  Testosterone in nmol/L | 2.25 ± 1.06 | Post = 2.25 ± 1.06 After 4 weeks = 2.27 ± 1.11 After 9 weeks = 2.57 ± 1.87

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  Testosterone in nmol/L | 2.25 ± 1.06 | Post = 2.25 ± 1.06 After 4 weeks = 2.27 ± 1.11 After 9 weeks = 2.57 ± 1.87

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  no effect

  Testosterone in ng steroid/mg | Menstrual phase = 47.6 ± 18.4 Follicular phase = 48.5 ± 14.3 Luteal phase = 52.5 ± 10.7 | Menstrual phase = 47.4 ± 11.1 Follicular phase = 51.1 ± 15.0 Luteal phase = 50.5 ± 16.3

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  no effect

  Testosterone in ng steroid/mg | Menstrual phase = 47.6 ± 18.4 Follicular phase = 48.5 ± 14.3 Luteal phase = 52.5 ± 10.7 | Menstrual phase = 47.4 ± 11.1 Follicular phase = 51.1 ± 15.0 Luteal phase = 50.5 ± 16.3

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  no effect

  Testosterone in ng steroid/mg | Menstrual phase = 47.6 ± 18.4 Follicular phase = 48.5 ± 14.3 Luteal phase = 52.5 ± 10.7 | Menstrual phase = 47.4 ± 11.1 Follicular phase = 51.1 ± 15.0 Luteal phase = 50.5 ± 16.3

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  decreases

  Hackney AC et al. (2020) | 23.5 ± 2.1 | testosterone levels in ng/dl | 17.7±2.2 | Post exhaustion = 27.6 ± 3.2 Post 30 min = 24.7 ± 2.0 Post 60 min = 22.4 ± 2.9 Post 90 min = 19.5 ± 2.2 Post 24 h = 13.9 ± 2.0 | Early follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone level

  increases

  Hackney AC et al. (2020) | 23.5 ± 2.1 | testosterone levels in ng/dl | 17.7±2.2 | Post exhaustion = 27.6 ± 3.2 Post 30 min = 24.7 ± 2.0 Post 60 min = 22.4 ± 2.9 Post 90 min = 19.5 ± 2.2 Post 24 h = 13.9 ± 2.0 | Early follicular phase of menstrual cycle

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone mean difference

  increases

  Mean difference in testosterone levels: 23.77 pg/dl.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone mean difference

  increases

  Mean difference in testosterone Levels: 0.5 nmol/L.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone mean difference

  increases

  Mean difference in testosterone Levels: 0.5 nmol/L.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• testosterone mean difference

  increases

  Mean difference in testosterone Levels: 0.5 nmol/L.

  PMID:38890710 · one of two readings recorded this

• Haematocrit

  decreases

  In the testosterone replacement therapy group, serum testosterone was higher while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit were all lower

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular events

  no effect, p = 0.62

  There was no difference between the testosterone replacement therapy group (120/1601, 7.5%) and placebo group (110/1519, 7.2%) in the incidence of cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular events (13 studies, odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.42; p = 0.62)

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Haemoglobin

  decreases

  In the testosterone replacement therapy group, serum testosterone was higher while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit were all lower

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Quality of life

  increases

  Testosterone replacement therapy improved quality of life and sexual function in almost all patient subgroups

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit, serum testosterone in the testosterone replacement group

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: Abstract gives only a single sentence phrased as a change within the treatment group with no estimate, assay or between-arm statement; serum cholesterol is not stated as total cholesterol, so total-cholesterol node requirement unmet. Abstract-only paper, extracted conservatively.

  In the testosterone replacement therapy group, serum testosterone was higher while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit were all lower.

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum cholesterol

  decreases

  In the testosterone replacement therapy group, serum testosterone was higher while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit were all lower

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum testosterone

  increases

  In the testosterone replacement therapy group, serum testosterone was higher while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit were all lower

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum triglycerides

  decreases

  In the testosterone replacement therapy group, serum testosterone was higher while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin and haematocrit were all lower

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sexual function

  increases

  Testosterone replacement therapy improved quality of life and sexual function in almost all patient subgroups

  PMID:39248210 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm concentration

  decreases, p = 0.01

  (SMD -0.83 [95% CI: -1.46, -0.20] P = 0.010)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm concentration

  no effect, p = 0.08

  (SMD -1.02 [95% CI: -2.16, 0.12] P = 0.08)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm concentration

  decreases, p = 0.004

  (SMD -0.42 [95% CI: -0.70, -0.14] P = 0.004)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm concentration

  decreases, p = 0.001

  (SMD -0.31 [95% CI: -0.50, -0.12] P = 0.001)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm concentration

  no effect, p = 0.19

  (SMD -0.21 [95% CI: -0.53, 0.10] P = 0.19)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm concentration

  no effect, p = 0.39

  (SMD -0.18 [95% CI: -0.59, 0.23] P = 0.39)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ejaculate volume

  decreases, p = 0.02

  (SMD -0.38 [95% CI: -0.70, -0.05] P = 0.02)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ejaculate volume

  decreases, p = 0.02

  (SMD -0.42 [95% CI: -0.77, -0.07] P = 0.02)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ejaculate volume

  decreases, p = 0.04

  (SMD -0.28 [95% CI: -0.55, -0.01] P = 0.04)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ejaculate volume

  decreases, p = 0.03

  (SMD -0.29 [95% CI: -0.55, -0.03] P = 0.03)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ejaculate volume

  increases, p = 0.0003

  (SMD -0.30 [95% CI: -0.46, -0.14] P = 0.0003)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ejaculate volume

  no effect, p = 0.19

  (SMD -0.24 [95% CI: -0.59, 0.11] P = 0.19)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Normal sperm morphology

  no effect, p = 0.25

  (SMD -0.49 [95% CI: -1.33, 0.34] P = 0.25)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Normal sperm morphology

  no effect, p = 0.23

  (SMD -0.70 [95% CI: -1.83, 0.43] P = 0.23)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Normal sperm morphology

  no effect, p = 0.06

  (SMD -0.83 [95% CI: -1.69, 0.03] P = 0.06)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Normal sperm morphology

  decreases, p = 0.001

  (SMD -0.65 [95% CI: -1.03, -0.26] P = 0.0010)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Normal sperm morphology

  no effect, p = 0.36

  (SMD -0.19 [95% CI: -0.58, 0.21] P = 0.36)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Normal sperm morphology

  no effect, p = 0.38

  (SMD -0.25 [95% CI: -0.81, 0.31] P = 0.38)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Progressive sperm motility

  decreases, p = 0.04

  (SMD -0.48 [95% CI: -0.94, -0.02] P = 0.04)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Progressive sperm motility

  no effect, p = 0.08

  (SMD -0.51 [95% CI: -1.09, 0.07] P = 0.08)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Progressive sperm motility

  decreases, p = 0.002

  (SMD -0.49 [95% CI: -0.80, -0.19] P = 0.002)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Progressive sperm motility

  no effect, p = 0.34

  (SMD -0.18 [95% CI: -0.56, 0.19] P = 0.34)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Progressive sperm motility

  increases, p = 0.02

  (SMD -0.41 [95% CI: -0.77, -0.05] P = 0.02)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Progressive sperm motility

  increases, p = 0.03

  (SMD -0.53 [95% CI: -1.02, -0.05] P = 0.03)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Seminal leukocyte count

  no effect, p = 0.95

  (SMD -0.01 [95% CI: -0.46, 0.43] P = 0.95)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Seminal leukocyte count

  no effect, p = 0.32

  (SMD 0.34 [95% CI: -0.33, 1.00] P = 0.32)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum follicle-stimulating hormone

  no effect, p = 0.37

  (SMD 0.13 [95% CI: -0.16, 0.43] P = 0.37)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum follicle-stimulating hormone

  no effect, p = 0.5

  (SMD 0.13 [95% CI: -0.25, 0.51] P = 0.50)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum follicle-stimulating hormone

  no effect, p = 0.12

  (SMD 0.11 [95% CI: -0.03, 0.25] P = 0.12)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum follicle-stimulating hormone

  no effect, p = 0.32

  (SMD -0.36 [95% CI: -1.07, 0.35] P = 0.32)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum FSH/LH ratio

  no effect, p = 0.08

  (SMD -2.06 [95% CI: -4.36, 0.25] P = 0.08)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum luteinizing hormone

  increases, p = 0.009

  (SMD 0.75 [95% CI: 0.19, 1.31] P = 0.009)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum luteinizing hormone

  increases, p = 0.03

  (SMD 1.09 [95% CI: 0.10, 2.07] P = 0.03)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum luteinizing hormone

  no effect, p = 0.29

  (SMD 0.54 [95% CI: -0.47, 1.56] P = 0.29)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum luteinizing hormone

  no effect, p = 0.78

  (SMD 0.05 [95% CI: -0.28, 0.37] P = 0.78)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum oestrogen

  increases, p = 0.006

  (SMD 0.62 [95% CI: 0.18, 1.07] P = 0.006)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum prolactin

  increases, p = 0.01

  (SMD 0.53 [95% CI: 0.11, 0.95] P = 0.01)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum prolactin

  no effect, p = 0.54

  (SMD 0.39 [95% CI: -0.85, 1.64] P = 0.54)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum testosterone/LH ratio

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  (SMD -2.44 [95% CI: -3.69, -1.19] P = 0.0001)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum testosterone

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  (SMD -1.00 [95% CI: -1.49, -0.51] P< 0.0001)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum testosterone

  no effect, p = 0.15

  (SMD -0.51 [95% CI: -1.22, 0.19] P = 0.15)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum testosterone

  no effect, p = 0.1

  (SMD -0.87 [95% CI: -1.90, 0.16] P = 0.10)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum testosterone

  no effect, p = 0.2

  (SMD -1.30 [95% CI: -3.27, 0.67] P = 0.20)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm count

  decreases, p = 0.03

  (SMD -0.74 [95% CI: -1.43, -0.06] P = 0.03)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm count

  no effect, p = 0.08

  (SMD -0.90 [95% CI: -1.91, 0.10] P = 0.08)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm count

  decreases, p = 0.002

  (SMD -0.27 [95% CI: -0.45, -0.10] P = 0.002)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm count

  no effect, p = 0.24

  (SMD -0.24 [95% CI: -0.66, 0.17] P = 0.24)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm count

  no effect, p = 0.5

  (SMD -0.20 [95% CI: -0.78, 0.38] P = 0.50)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm viability

  decreases, p = 0.005

  (SMD -1.08 [95% CI: -1.83, -0.33] P = 0.005)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm viability

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  (SMD -1.34 [95% CI: -1.95, -0.72] P< 0.0001)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm viability

  decreases, p = 0.005

  (SMD -0.85 [95% CI: -1.43, -0.26] P = 0.005)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm viability

  increases, p = 0.002

  (SMD -0.84 [95% CI: -1.37, -0.31] P = 0.002)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Sperm viability

  decreases, p = 0.002

  (SMD -0.53 [95% CI: -0.86, -0.20] P = 0.002)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total sperm motility

  no effect, p = 0.05

  (SMD -0.30 [95% CI: -0.61, 0.00] P = 0.05)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total sperm motility

  no effect, p = 0.2

  (SMD -0.34 [95% CI: -0.86, 0.18] P = 0.20)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total sperm motility

  decreases, p = 0.002

  (SMD -0.68 [95% CI: -1.12, -0.24] P = 0.002)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total sperm motility

  decreases, p = 0.04

  (SMD -0.73 [95% CI: -1.42, -0.04] P = 0.04)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total sperm motility

  no effect, p = 0.2

  there was a marginal decline in total sperm motility in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients before, juxtaposed with after treatment (SMD -0.34 [95% CI: -0.86, 0.18] P = 0.20)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total sperm motility

  no effect, p = 0.2

  (SMD -0.54 [95% CI: -1.36, 0.28] P = 0.20)

  PMID:39250513 · one of two readings recorded this

• likelihood of testosterone recovery, by baseline testosterone and age

  increases

  Higher baseline testosterone and lower age were associated with a higher likelihood of TR (p < 0.001 for both).

  PMID:39304428 · one of two readings recorded this

• metastasis-free survival by effective castration period

  no effect

  Effective castration period was not linearly associated with MFS for any ADT duration on Cox regression.

  PMID:39304428 · one of two readings recorded this

• time to non-castrate (>1.7 nmol/L) and non-hypogonadal (>8.0 nmol/L) serum testosterone recovery following androgen deprivation therapy cessation, by prescribed ADT duration

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: the compound is what was measured, not what was given

  Higher baseline testosterone and lower age were associated with a higher likelihood of TR (p < 0.001 for both).

  PMID:39304428 · one of two readings recorded this

• time to non-castrate (>1.7 nmol/L) and non-hypogonadal (>8.0 nmol/L) testosterone recovery, by ADT duration

  n = 1444

  Times to noncastrate TR and to nonhypogonadal TR varied considerably by ADT duration.

  PMID:39304428 · one of two readings recorded this

• 2-hour glucose, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  no effect

  no significant reduction was observed in the mean levels of fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, and percentage of fat mass before and after the intervention

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• BHEI-R diet quality score in women with PCOS (cross-sectional study)

  The mean BHEI-R score was 56.1 ± 12.0 points

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• BHEI-R score correlation with BMI

  decreases, p = 0.013

  BMI (r = 0.248; P = 0.013)

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• BHEI-R score correlation with body weight

  decreases, p = 0.028

  body weight (r = 0.220; P = 0.028)

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• BHEI-R score correlation with waist circumference

  decreases, p = 0.005

  WC (r = 0.278; P = 0.005)

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Body mass index, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  decreases

  BMI (-3.14 (95% CI: -3.35, -2.92))

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Dairy consumption, PCOS versus controls (Badri-Fariman)

  decreases, p = 0.001

  3 | Badri-Fariman et al. | Dairy products | g/day | Past 12 months | + | Inverse | -PCOS G reported a lower dairy consumption compared to control G ((Mean (SD): 2.52 (1.58) vs. 5.69 (1.17), respectively; P value< 0.001)

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Dairy consumption score, PCOS versus controls (Hosseini)

  decreases, p = 0.001

  2 | Hosseini et al. | Dairy products | Score: 0-10 | Past 12 months | + | Inverse | -PCOS G. had a lower mean score compared to control G. (Mean (SD): (4.8 (2.6) vs. 6.0 (2.7), respectively; P value< 0.001)

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Dairy products consumption, PCOS versus controls (Zirak Sharkesh)

  no effect, p = 0.038

  6 | Zirak Sharkesh et al. | Dairy products | g/day | Past 12 months | NS | – | No significant difference between PCOS G and control G groups regarding mean dairy products consumption [Mean (SD): 122.23 (97.45) Vs. 139.29 (83.55) g/day, respectively; P value = 0.038]

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fasting glucose, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  no effect

  no significant reduction was observed in the mean levels of fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, and percentage of fat mass before and after the intervention

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fasting insulin, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  decreases

  fasting insulin (-18.23 (95% CI: -22.11, -14.36))

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Ferriman-Gallwey score, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  decreases

  Ferryman-Gallwey score (-2.07 (95% CI: -2.98, -1.16))

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• Free testosterone, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  no effect

  there was no significant association observed between the two groups in terms of the mean of free testosterone after the intervention

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

• HbA1c, pre versus post low starch/low dairy diet (pooled)

  decreases

  HbA1c (-0.27 (-0.37, -0.17))

  PMID:39421532 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 289 rows