desmosterol

Three steps

• 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H(+)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, OSBP2, OSBPL2, PLCH2 and 12 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by DHCR24, GBA1, GBA2One of 3 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, HADHA and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, HADHA and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, HADHA and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ECHS1 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ECHS1 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
  3. Steryl-ester acylhydrolase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, CEL and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, lysosomeOne of 3 routes

• octanoateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. beta-D-glucosyl-N-octanoylsphing-4E-enine + cholesterol = N-octanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  3. N-octanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = octanoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by DHCR24, GBA1, ASAH1, ASAH2

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ACSM4 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by DHCR24, LCAT, TAFAZZIN

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ACAA1 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. cytochrome P450 (cholesterol)
  3. cytochrome P450 (pregnenolone)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, CYP11A1, CYP17A1endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a fatty acidReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase
  3. a cholesterol ester + H2O = cholesterol + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, LCAT, CES1, LIPN and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, LCAT, SMPD2, ENPP6 and 2 more

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
  3. Steryl-ester acylhydrolase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, CEL and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, lysosomeOne of 5 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by DHCR24, LCAT

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesterol = N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside
  3. N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = (15Z)-tetracosenoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by DHCR24, GBA1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 more

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CoA
  3. sterol esterase (Cholesteryl Arachidonate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, CEL and 1 morelysosome

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase
  3. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acylhydrolase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, LCAT, LYPLA1, LYPLA2 and 8 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (cholesterol)
  3. cytochrome P450 (25-hydroxycholesterol)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, CH25H, CYP7B1endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (24S)-7alpha-dihydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Cytochrome P450, Family 46, Subfamily A, Polypeptide 1
  3. Oxysterol 7-Alpha-Hydroxylase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, CYP46A1, CYP39A1endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = cholesterol + D-glucose

  Catalysed by DHCR24, GBA1, GBA2

• taurineReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, BAATendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine(out)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, OSBP, OSBPL9, OSBPL11 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, GLYAT and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ALDH6A1endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ACP2endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ACAA1 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ACSM4 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, CPT1A and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SUCLG1 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, CROTendoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, SLC27A2 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, CH25H, MTO1

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, LCAT, ENPP2, GDPD3 and 1 more

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + cholesterol(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + cholesterol(out)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(out) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(in) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate)(in) + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(out)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, OSBP, OSBPL3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + NADPH + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + ATP = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by DHCR24, GBA1, GBA2, AGK and 1 more

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase [Precursor]
  2. Sterol O-Acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DHCR24, SOAT2, SOAT1, ASAH1 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatusOne of 16 routes