CHEBI:16856

Two steps

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. PROTEIN_BS

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 14 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  2. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLC7A9, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• dopamine quinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MPOextracellular space, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 4 routes

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 2 morecytosol

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  2. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by GLO1, GLOD4, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 morecytosol

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DBHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase
  2. Persulfide dioxygenase

  Catalysed by SQOR, ETHE1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-thyroxine + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = L-thyroxine sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AANATextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. Formation of Homocystine
  2. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by BHMT, BHMT2cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin F1Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) = prostaglandin F1 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, DHRS1extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-noradrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  2. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2, GGT6 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-normetanephrineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, COMT, LRTOMTextracellular space, cytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. Formation of Homocystine
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by MTRcytosol

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CARS2cytosol

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT1A6, UGT1A1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 20-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2
  2. 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = 20-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, UGT2B7, UGT1A1, UGT1A4extracellular space, cytosol

• 15-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin B1 + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = 15-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-prostaglandin B1 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT1A1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• serotonin O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. serotonin + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = serotonin O-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-noradrenaline 4'-O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. sulfotransferase (noradrenaline)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. Formation of Homocystine
  2. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3cytosol

• ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. ursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and tauroursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycoursodeoxycholate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cytochrome P450 (cholate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP7A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. monoamine oxidase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PNMTextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  2. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by CYBRD1cytosol, extracellular space

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes