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362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

560 compounds within 3 steps: 10 in 1, 125 in 2, 425 in 3

Two steps

1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
2. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase
Catalysed by RETSAT, LRATcytosol
all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
2. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
Catalysed by RETSAT, DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2 and 2 moreOne of 2 routes
3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1
3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO3One of 2 routes
3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1One of 2 routes
CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
1. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
2. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
Catalysed by KDM1A, KDM1B, PDPR, DMGDHcytosol
glycine betaineReach from here →
1. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
2. p-cumic alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by CHDH, ALDH7A1cytosolOne of 4 routes
CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
all-trans-retinalReach from here →
1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
2. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by RETSAT, DHRS3, RDH10, RDH11 and 3 morecytosolOne of 6 routes
CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
a diacylglycerolReach from here →
1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
2. a triacylglycerol + all-trans-retinol = an all-trans-retinyl ester + a diacylglycerol
Catalysed by RETSAT, PNPLA4, PNPLA2
L-glutamineReach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
Catalysed by D2HGDH, AGXT2
(6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
1. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
2. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
Catalysed by KDM1A, KDM1Bcytosol
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 3 routes
S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine
Catalysed by MOCOS, CARS2
3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO3One of 2 routes
3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO3One of 2 routes
3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO2One of 2 routes
L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
thyronamineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO2One of 2 routes
3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO2One of 2 routes
3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO3
folic acidReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 2 routes
N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
Catalysed by MOCOS, NAGSmitochondrial matrix
K(+)Reach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysed by MOCOS, CARS1cytosol
chlorine(.)Reach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
hydrogenselenideReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, SCLY
hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
Catalysed by MOCOS, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes
L-aspartateReach from here →
1. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
Catalysed by D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes
citric acidReach from here →
1. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
Catalysed by D2HGDH, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes
4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
1. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
2. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
Catalysed by D2HGDH, GOT2mitochondrial matrix
di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
Catalysed by MOCOS, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 moremitochondrial matrix
25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, CH25H
all-trans-4-oxoretinolReach from here →
1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
2. cytochrome P450 (retinol)
Catalysed by RETSAT, CYP26A1cytosol
phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
1. (R)-malate + A = oxaloacetate + AH2
2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
Catalysed by D2HGDH, PCK1cytosolOne of 2 routes
13-cis-retinolReach from here →
1. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
2. retinol binding protein (retinol)
Catalysed by RETSAT, RBP1, RBP2cytosolOne of 2 routes
L-ornithineReach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, RETSATOne of 2 routes
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO2
3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, DIO1, DIO3
glycineReach from here →
1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by MOCOS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, PTGS1, PTGS2One of 2 routes
(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
1. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
Catalysed by AIFM1, PYROXD1, TBXAS1, PTGS2 and 1 more
sarcosineReach from here →
1. N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 A + 2 H2O = L-lysyl(4)-[histone H3] + 2 formaldehyde + 2 AH2
2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
Catalysed by KDM1A, KDM1B, PIPOX
(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H(+)
Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2