L-proline

Three steps

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYAT and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC6A14, LPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SCLY, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, NAGSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, CARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT, AGXT2, GARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT2, DARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, WARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, IARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A6, LACC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, NARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, MOCOS, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• orotateReach from here →
  1. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  2. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by PRODH, PRODH2, DHODHOne of 2 routes